Figure 2.

TEVG remodeling in a mouse model. A. Inflammation-mediated process of graft remodeling. Seeded BM-MNC attach to the scaffold and release cytokines. MCP-1 recruits host monocytes which infiltrate the scaffold and begin to direct neotissue formation, ultimately resulting in the formation of neovessels composed of a concentric layers of smooth muscle cells recruited from the neighboring native vessel wall embedded in an extracellular matrix with a monolayer of endothelial cells lining the luminal surface. B. TEVG gross and microscopic morphology changes over time and ultimately resembles the native IVC with a smooth muscle cell layer lined by an endothelial cell layer as shown in gross images and hematoxylin and eosin stained section slides. (Adapted with permission from Roh (2010) [48]).